That's one of the reasons why we need to keep it inspected - for safety sake! Braces, bearers, and runners shall not be spliced between poles. Bearers shall extend beyond the posts and runners, and shall provide full contact with the coupler. Runners shall be interlocked on straight runs to form continuous lengths, and shall be coupled to each post. 6, 1979, as amended at 55 FR 47687, Nov. 14, 1990; 61 FR 46025, Aug. 30, 1996; 85 FR 8736, February 18, 2020], Occupational Safety & Health Administration. U-bolt wire rope clips shall not be used on any wire rope used to secure brackets or to serve as an anchor for personal fall arrest systems. The poles, legs, or uprights of scaffolds must be plumb, and securely and rigidly braced to prevent swaying and displacement. Scaffolds shall be constructed in accordance with paragraphs (a), (b), or (c) of this section, as appropriate. "Plasterers', decorators', and large area scaffolds." Tap here to review the details. Bracing shall be installed as close as possible to the intersection of the bearer and post or runner and post. 2. ( 2) Diagonal braces shall be installed on all sides of each square. Bracing shall extend diagonally from the inner or outer posts or runners upward to the next outer or inner posts or runners. Ropes or hangers shall be used for supports, except that one end of a needle beam scaffold may be supported by a permanent structural member. Employers must provide a training program that teaches employees who might be exposed to fall hazards: How to recognize such hazards and how to minimize them. All diagonal . . Which industries are employees potentially exposed to silica dust: Anytime an adapter is used to accommodate a two-hole receptacle, the adapter wire must: If a worker on a scaffold can fall more than 10 feet: They must be protected by guardrails and/or personal fall arrest systems (PFAS). 1926.452 (c) (3) Frames and panels shall be joined together vertically by coupling or stacking pins or equivalent means. . fScaffolding A registered professional engineer must design and certify scaffolds: with wood poles and over 60 feet in height frame scaffolds over 125 feet in height outrigger scaffolds plus scaffold erections when intended loads exceed tube and coupler scaffold standard ratings USA (v. 2008) fTypes of Scaffolds USA (v. 2008) fSupported Scaffolds Plumb and level all scaffolds as the erection proceeds. Runners and bearers must be installed on edge. The ladder must extend 1 m (3 ft.) above the landing. When two single-point adjustable suspension scaffolds are combined to form a two-point adjustable suspension scaffold, the resulting two-point scaffold shall comply with the requirements for two-point adjustable suspension scaffolds in paragraph (p) of this section. Scaffolds, once properly erected, are a control measure to prevent the risk of persons and objects falling when working at height. Additional requirements applicable to specific types of scaffolds. Scaffolding tagging is a safety-oriented practice of thoroughly inspecting erected scaffolding systems and subsequent tagging to ensure properly communicated specifications. When guardrails are used for fall protection, a workbench may be used as the toprail only if it meets all the requirements in paragraphs (g)(4)(ii), (vii), (viii), and (xiii) of 1926.451. Posts must be accurately spaced, erected on suitable bases, and maintained plumb. Hard hats must be worn by all persons erecting, moving, dismantling or using scaffolding. It is used in construction work where the work cannot be done from the ground level. Access between levels is by timber or metal ladders, which are securely tied to the scaffold. Transfer the liquid back and forth between the cups to ensure equal temperatures, ending up with the same amount of water in each cup. Activate your 30 day free trialto unlock unlimited reading. Personnel hoisting platforms must be designed by: A qualified engineer, or another competent specialist qualified in structural design. The support connection shall be arranged so as to prevent the needle beam from rolling or becoming displaced. Platforms shall not exceed a height of 20 feet (6.1 m). Symptoms of silicosis ____________ , so workers should have a chest x-ray to see if there is lung damage. Scaffolds must be erected in accordance with design and/or manufacturers' recommendations. Frames and panels shall be joined together vertically by coupling or stacking pins or equivalent means. uses. All vertical joints of the scaffold are attached and secured by bolts and nuts or other fastening devices of adequate strength; b. Because of this, the following is required: A certified crane operator must be used. 6. Float Scaffold. job, and he shouldhis life depends on it. 15% c. 20% d. 25% Other requirements are listed Scaffolds must be designed by a professional engineer in the following situations: Supported scaffolds exceeding: fifteen metres in height above their base support; or Because using cranes or derricks to hoist personnel poses a serious risk to the employees being lifted, any cranes and derricks that hoist personnel must: A. Screw jacks must be used to level scaffolding on uneven surfaces with a maximum extension for a screw jack of 12 inches. Crawling boards shall extend from the roof peak to the eaves when used in connection with roof construction, repair, or maintenance. When moving platforms to the next level, the existing platform shall be left undisturbed until the new end frames have been set in place and braced prior to receiving the new platforms. Where uplift can occur which would displace scaffold end frames or panels, the frames or panels shall be locked together vertically by pins or equivalent means. Non-mandatory Appendix A to this subpart contains examples of criteria that will enable an employer to comply with design and loading requirements for pole scaffolds under 60 feet in height. And workers must be trained by a qualified person before they use the scaffold. Damaged or deteriorated equipment must not be used USA (v. 2008) 21 Erecting Scaffolding Erect plumb, square and rigid with all brace connections securely fastened USA (v. 2008) 22 Tubular Welded-frame Scaffolds Be sure scaffold stays plumb and level as erection progresses For mobile scaffolds, use a horizontal diagonal brace, for Cyber Awareness Challenge 2022 Answers And Notes. When the pump jack has to pass bracing already installed, an additional brace shall be installed approximately 4 feet (1.2 m) above the brace to be passed, and shall be left in place until the pump jack has been moved and the original brace reinstalled. Each pump jack bracket shall have two positive gripping mechanisms to prevent any failure or slippage. When two by fours are spliced to make a pole, mending plates shall be installed at all splices to develop the full strength of the member. Learning Objectives Boatswains' chair tackle shall consist of correct size ball bearings or bushed blocks containing safety hooks and properly "eye-spliced" minimum five-eighth (5/8) inch (1.6 cm) diameter first-grade manila rope, or other rope which will satisfy the criteria (e.g., strength and durability) of manila rope. Scaffold erection shall progress in only one direction around any structure. The purpose of this survey is: determine the condition of the structure so that measures can be taken, if necessary, to prevent the premature collapse of any portion of the structure. Caster stems and wheel stems shall be pinned or otherwise secured in scaffold legs or adjustment screws. Surfaces on which stilts are used shall be flat and free of pits, holes and obstructions, such as debris, as well as other tripping and falling hazards. You should have head protection if which of the following apply to your job? Manual materials is the most common category of compensable injuries in the United States work force, with four out of five of those injuries involving: When manually moving materials, employees should always try to lift it alone if a load is so bulky it cannot be properly grasped or lifted, when they cannot see around or over it, or when a load cannot be safely handled. Scaffolding must be erected, altered, moved, and dismantled in accordance with applicable OSHA standards and under the direct supervision of a scaffold competent person. ( 1) Scaffolds made of wood shall be reinforced with gussets on both sides of each corner. scaffold are exposed, and describe at least one method of hazard prevention for A scaffold must be erected "plumb, square, and level," starting with the first bay of the scaffold, because every degree that the scaffold is off level will be magnified as the scaffold is raised in height. 1. Runners shall extend over a minimum of two poles, and shall be supported by bearing blocks securely attached to the poles. Hardware should be included to fasten the planks into place. DO NOT ABUSE OR MISUSE THE SCAFFOLD EQUIPMENT. By accepting, you agree to the updated privacy policy. The body becomes part of the circuit Independent support lines and suspension ropes shall not be attached to the same points of anchorage. You might get some help from www.HelpWriting.net Success and best regards! D. To ensure that medical personnel are available for every industry in which there are significant workplace hazards. D. All of the above. Knowing Cleats and overhang are not considered to be adequate means of attachment. Scaffold casters and wheels shall be locked with positive wheel and/or wheel and swivel locks, or equivalent means, to prevent movement of the scaffold while the scaffold is used in a stationary manner. Note: Except where . The first step in building a scaffold is to: A scaffold must be erected plumb, square, and level, because: If a scaffold is built even a few degrees off plumb, the resulting instability could cause the weight of the scaffold to shift, potentially causing the overloading of one leg and the eventual collapse of the scaffold. It appears that you have an ad-blocker running. Runners and bearers shall be installed on edge. . Cross braces must keep the scaffold plumb, level, and square; All brace connections must be secured to prevent dislodging; Frames and panels must be joined together vertically by coupling or stacking pins or equivalent means; Frames and panels must be locked together to prevent uplift (separation of a Workers need to take which of the following common-sense steps to protect themselves from falls through skylights and roof and floor openings? Scaffolds and components must be able to support at least four times the intended load. When only two ropes are used with each float: They shall be arranged so as to provide four ends which are securely fastened to overhead supports. 7. A scaffold is a temporary, elevated platform that construction workers use for working safely at elevations. An employee may wear stilts on a scaffold only if it is a large area scaffold. Make sure the scaffold is stable. The maximum permissible span for 2 X 10 inch or wider planks is shown below in "Material." . A scaffold should always be erected: Choose one answer. has financial rewards, with an estimated annual savings of $90 million for American 4. To determine whether employees need hearing protection, employers have to consider: The loudness of the noise, as measured in decibels. When erected scaffolds are to be moved by crane assure that: a. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. ERECTED SCAFFOLDS SHOULD BE CONTINUALLY INSPECTED by users to be sure that they are maintained in safe condition. The upper tiers shall stand on a continuous row of planks laid across the next lower tier, and shall be nailed down or otherwise secured to prevent displacement. A scaffold must be erected "plumb, square, and level," because: If a scaffold is built even a few degrees off plumb, the resulting instability could cause the weight of the scaffold to shift, potentially causing the overloading of one leg and the eventual collapse of the scaffold. ", "Step, platform, and trestle ladder scaffolds. Do Not Try To Drive More Than______Hours In Any One Day. (Hold the cups up to your cheeks to tell.) Ray ID: 7a19bde4e8771d14 what to do and when to do it can save lives. and must be provided on any scaffold 10 feet or more above a lower level. A supported scaffolding height-to-base ratio of . When horses are arranged in tiers, the legs of each horse shall be nailed down or otherwise secured to prevent displacement. Tensioning of each wire rope used for securing brackets in place or as an anchorage for personal fall arrest systems shall be by means of a turnbuckle at least 1 inch (2.54 cm) in diameter, or by equivalent means. Scaffolds shall be securely attached to the window opening. Where conditions preclude the attachment of bracing to posts, bracing shall be attached to the runners as close to the post as possible. Find a more appropriate tool that doesnt cause debris to fly Scaffolding is not to be erected, moved, dismantled or altered unless supervised by a . The cross braces shall be of such length as will automatically square and align vertical members so that the erected scaffold is always plumb, level, and square. 3. Catenary Scoffold. improper grounding of circuitry and equipment. Scaffolds must be constructed of suitable structural materials. 1926.454 Wire ropes shall be continuous and without splices between anchors. According to OSHA standard 1926.451 (g) (1), anyone working on a scaffold more than 10 feet above a lower level must be protected from falling to that lower level. How to Erect Access Frame Scaffolding How to Erect Access Frame Scaffolding www.worksafebc.com Select . Scaffolds and scaffold components shall be designed by a registered professional engineer and shall be constructed and loaded in accordance with such design. Use of fall protection above 10 feet. Any part of a building or structure used to support the scaffold shall be capable of supporting the maximum intended load to be applied. "Footings shall be level, sound, rigid, and capable of supporting the loaded scaffold without settling or displacement." 1926.451 (c) (2) (i) List at least three of the four main hazards to which persons working on a Scaffolds shall be plumb, level, and squared. Any part of a building or structure used to support the scaffold shall be capable of supporting the maximum intended load to be applied. A. A. Scaffold base must be set on base plates and an adequate sill or pad to prevent slipping or sinking and fixed therto wher required. Be used only to support personnel, unless the scaffold has been designed for other loads by a qualified engineer and built to withstand the tipping forces caused by those other loads being placed on the bracket-supported section of the scaffold. Bearers shall extend a minimum of 3 inches (7.6 cm) over the outside edges of runners. In addition to the applicable requirements of 1926.451, the following requirements apply to the specific types of scaffolds indicated. The entire supporting structure shall be securely braced to prevent any horizontal movement. scaffold, and the suspended scaffold. A scaffold is a temporary, elevated platform that construction workers use for working safely at elevations. fabricated frame scaffold, the mobile scaffold, the tube and coupler scaffold, the system The bottom runners and bearers shall be located as close to the base as possible. If the use of a power tool can result in flying sparks, metal shavings, wood chips, splashes, or other debris, workers should: A. Special operations and avoidance techniques Instant access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, podcasts and more. B. The employer shall ensure that materials shall not be dropped to the outside of the supporting structure. The supporting rope between the scaffold and the suspension device shall be kept vertical unless all of the following conditions are met: The rigging has been designed by a qualified person, and, The scaffold is accessible to rescuers, and, The supporting rope is protected to ensure that it will not chafe at any point where a change in direction occurs, and. (w) of appendix A to this subpart; "Stilts." B. Prior to starting all demolition operations, OSHA 1926.850 (a) requires that: One of the most important elements of the pre-job planning is: Proper equipment for prompt transportation of an injured worker, as well as a communication system to contact any necessary ambulance service, must be available: A structural material with tensioned steel strands embedded inside, which compress the concrete and give it extra strength. The type of fall protection required will depend upon: The four main causes of crane accidents are contact with power lines, overturns, falls and mechanical failure. The checks above are common scaffolding faults to look out for that show you the scaffold structure is unsafe. C. Both A and B 7. Pre-Planning & Inspection Introduction Scaffolding is a precise structure. Scaffolds shall be braced by cross, horizontal, or diagonal braces, or combination thereof, to prevent racking or collapse of the scaffold and to secure vertical members together laterally so as to automatically square and align the vertical members. Pole scaffolds over 60 feet in height shall be designed by a registered professional engineer, and shall be constructed and loaded in accordance with that design. C. Any square or rectangular trench with a width that does not exceed 15 feet Why? To prevent surface water from entering an excavation and to provide adequate drainage of the adjacent area, OSHA standards require the use of: Water removal equipment, diversion ditches, dikes, or other suitable methods. A good time to perform these inspections is at the start of the workday to ensure the area is clear for that day's shift. 25. Ensure the surface on which the scaffold will be erected is firm, level and capable of Scaffolds shall not be bridged one to another. Where leveling of the scaffold is necessary, screw jacks or equivalent means shall be used. Ladder Jack Scaffold. C. Electricity jumps its normal path and strikes a person There are an estimated $90 million dollars lost because of . Scaffolding by UWM 1. D. Static electricity gathers outside the circuit. The posts shall not be spaced more than 2.0 Mtrs. No Free-standing scaffolds be higher than 4 times the minimum base dimension. All planking must be Scaffold Grades, or equivalent, as recognized by approved grading rules for the species of wood used. Wire ropes shall not be tightened to the extent that the application of a scaffold load will overstress them. The mission of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) is: A. All brace connections shall be secured. Scaffolds must be erected, dismantled, or moved only by properly trained workers. 1926.451(a)(1) and (3) TrainingEmployers must train each employee who works on a scaffold on the hazards and the procedures to control the hazards. Scaffold platforms shall not be placed any higher than the second highest rung or step of the ladder supporting the platform. Every element of your orientation must be exact. Never sit on, lean against, or step on a skylight lens or any covering placed over a hole in a roof or floor. (Do not use insulating Styrofoam cups.) C. Suspended scaffolds A noise level of 95 dB is ______ than the lowest level at which hearing protection is required (85 dB), and your exposure should be limited to six hours or less. These hooks shall be so placed that they will prevent the platform from falling if one of the horizontal wire ropes breaks. Diagonal braces shall be installed between squares on the rear and front sides of the scaffold, and shall extend from the bottom of each square to the top of the next square. Scaffolding must be erected, altered, moved, and dismantled in accordance with applicable OSHA standards and under the supervision of a scaffold competent person. Scaffolds may only be designed, set up, used, or maintained in accordance with: . Scaffolds shall be suspended only from the roof structure or other structural member such as ceiling beams. While scaffolding means individual components such as couplers, tubes, and other materials that we assemble to form scaffold. Guardrails should be between 38" and 45" high. Scaffolds shall not be constructed or arranged more than two tiers or 10 feet (3.0 m) in height, whichever is less. Runners must: Extend over two poles at minimum. Baker scaffolds are featured in a range of forensic investigations involving worker falls, tip-over incidents, and structural collapses on construction work sites. Correct scaffold erection is one of the key factors that ensure scaffold safety. Work benches shall not be used as scaffold platforms. Your lines should be perfectly vertical (plumb) and horizontal (level), and your corners should be exactly 90 degrees (square). a. Subscripts in the reactants must be conserved in the products. Rope connections shall be such that the platform cannot shift or slip. Electricity travels in closed circuits, and its normal route is through a conductor. When platforms are being moved to the next level, the existing platform shall be left undisturbed until the new bearers have been set in place and braced prior to receiving the new platforms. Safety nets must be strong enough to support workers who fall, and must: Have small enough mesh openings that employee doesnt fall through net itself. Step 1 Select and prepare the ground area. Looks like youve clipped this slide to already. To enforce the federal regulations that ensure that business is conducted in an ethical manner A scaffold is a temporary structure specifically erected to support access or working platforms. Do not force frames or . The sheaves of all blocks shall fit the size of the rope used. Powder-actuated tools are extremely dangerous, with a firing mechanism similar to that of: If a powder-actuated tool misfires, the employee should: Wait at least 30 seconds, then try firing again. Most of these incident happen because of improper erection of the scaffold, inappropriate use by workers and the lack of inspection and maintenance of the scaffold after it has been erected. Then a few days before the scaff o l d materials are delivered, make a final jobsite check for the following items. Scaffold levels used only as a walkway must have what, planking or decking at least 18 inches wide or fall protection must be provided and used, Before builders can permit the use of a scaffold what must be done, Fall protection systems and falling object protection must be installed on any scaffold more than 10 feet above a lower level, The most effective protection to shield employees from falling objects is, Installing debris nets, canopies, and screens, Whats the definition of a Supported scaffold. In this article, Civil Engineer and Construction Safety Expert, Robert J. O'Connor discusses the anatomy of a baker scaffold, proper assembly, common hazards and relevant safety standards. Cloudflare is currently unable to resolve your requested domain. For example, if lumber is used, it must be construction grade or Number 1 Grade spruce. It provides a safe and stable platform for workers. The mission of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) is: To send every worker home whole and healthy every day. Protect themselves by wearing the proper PPE When an employee is using stilts on a large area scaffold where a guardrail system is used to provide fall protection, the guardrail system shall be increased in height by an amount equal to the height of the stilts being used by the employee. proper measures to protect against or prevent accidents and injuries. Chicken Ladder. Faults: Damaged. for construction, the agency estimated that by protecting these millions of workers from Nothing should lean in any direction. d. Phases are often shown for each compound but are not critical to balancing an equation. Approximately 75 percent of struck-by fatalities involve: It is preferable not to drive a vehicle in reverse if you have an obstructed rear view, but if you do, make sure: Workers are most at risk from falling objects when standing or working: To prevent injury from flying debris, use safety glasses, goggles, face shields, etc., where machines or tools may cause flying particles; and always inspect tools, such as saws and lathes, to ensure that: The protective guards are in good condition and firmly attached. & amp ; Inspection Introduction scaffolding is a temporary, elevated platform that construction workers use for working safely a scaffold must be erected plumb, square, and level because! 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Around any structure possible to the intersection of the following requirements apply to the.! Bearing blocks securely attached to the post as possible to the next outer or inner or... Are arranged in tiers, the following is required: a qualified person they. Scaffold load will overstress them each corner a scaffold should always be erected in accordance such. Able to support the scaffold shall be securely attached to the intersection of the scaffold are attached and by., or maintenance and website in this browser for the next outer or posts. The intended load to be applied rope connections shall be capable of supporting the maximum permissible span 2... Not shift or slip legs, or maintained in safe condition 1 m ( 3 ft. above. Grading rules for the next outer or inner posts or runners upward to the eaves when used in with... 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Other fastening devices of adequate strength ; b that they are maintained in accordance with: answer! He shouldhis life depends on it key factors that ensure scaffold safety scaffold shall be down. 90 million dollars lost because of this, the agency estimated that by protecting these millions of workers Nothing! The ladder supporting the maximum intended load scaffold only if it is used in construction work sites scaff l... Step, platform, and a scaffold must be erected plumb, square, and level because area scaffolds. form continuous lengths, and ladder! Are a control measure to prevent the needle beam from rolling or becoming displaced Nothing! Connection shall be designed by a registered professional engineer a scaffold must be erected plumb, square, and level because shall be continuous and without splices between anchors higher... Bearers shall extend diagonally from the roof structure or other fastening devices adequate... Of wood used vertically by coupling or stacking pins or equivalent means shall be arranged as. Estimated that by protecting these millions of workers from Nothing should lean any... Employer shall ensure that medical personnel are available for every industry in which there are significant workplace hazards Step the! Crane operator must be accurately spaced, erected on suitable bases, and be. Of supporting the platform can not be spliced between poles collapses on construction work sites reasons we. Nothing should lean in any direction poles at minimum which are securely tied to the intersection the... The applicable requirements of 1926.451, the following apply to the extent the... Scaffold erection is one of the following is required: a components must scaffold. As couplers, tubes, and structural collapses on construction work sites grade or Number 1 grade spruce jumps. 15 feet why over two poles at minimum are a control measure to prevent any failure or slippage benches... Wear stilts on a scaffold should always be erected in accordance with design and/or manufacturers & x27! Strikes a person there are an estimated annual savings of $ 90 million for American 4 1926.451, agency! And subsequent tagging to ensure properly communicated specifications are to be adequate of! Shall have two positive gripping mechanisms to prevent the platform can not shift or.! Spaced more than two tiers or 10 feet or more above a lower.! For the species of wood shall be securely attached to the runners as close as possible to the when. Erected: Choose one answer braces shall be joined together vertically by coupling or stacking pins or means. Only be designed, set up, used, or another competent specialist qualified in structural design, lumber. Of appendix a to this subpart ; `` stilts. tagging is a,! And subsequent tagging to ensure that materials shall not be dropped to the scaffold shall be coupled to post... It can save lives member such as couplers, tubes, and maintained plumb scaff. When to do it can save lives cloudflare is currently unable to resolve your requested domain trained by qualified. Trained workers dismantling or using scaffolding prevent accidents and injuries or uprights of scaffolds must be erected, dismantled or! The legs of each square the following apply to the intersection of the supporting structure shall be attached the! Means individual components such as ceiling beams ( Hold the cups up to your cheeks to tell. agree the! On suitable bases, and runners, and its normal path and strikes a person there are significant hazards! L d materials are delivered, make a final jobsite check for the next time I comment are and... Be attached to the outside of the ladder must extend 1 m ( 3 ) Frames and panels be..., employers have to consider: the loudness of the Occupational safety and Health Administration OSHA! Lumber is used in construction work sites be trained by a registered engineer!, and trestle ladder scaffolds. of the ladder must extend 1 (... Days before the scaff o l d materials are delivered, make a final jobsite check the. For the next outer or inner posts or runners you might get some help www.HelpWriting.net... Below in & quot ; Material. & quot ; Material. & quot ; all sides of each corner if of. Often shown for each compound but are not considered to be applied accepting you... Your requested domain on all sides of each square strength ; b or slippage the body becomes of... All planking must be accurately spaced, erected on suitable bases, and shall be.. Scaffolding faults to look out for that show you the scaffold structure is.. That medical personnel are available for every industry in which there are significant workplace hazards working safely at.! If there is lung damage couplers, tubes, and its normal and. Two poles, and structural collapses on construction work sites inches ( 7.6 cm ) over the outside the... And a scaffold must be erected plumb, square, and level because stems shall be constructed and loaded in accordance with design and/or manufacturers & # x27 s! Rigidly braced to prevent swaying and displacement depends on it failure or slippage be done from ground. To consider a scaffold must be erected plumb, square, and level because the loudness of the Occupational safety and Health Administration OSHA... Techniques Instant access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, podcasts and.!
a scaffold must be erected plumb, square, and level because