'Moritz' and 'Max' (second dummy) were made of plaster by a fellow Polish POW and painted by another Dutch POW, Lieutenant Diederick van Lynden. As always when directed to the National Archives on research we recommend that you initially do an online search on the archives website, this should allow you to ascertain whether there is a likelihood of the data you require being stored. An alphabetical list of British and Dominion Air Force PoWs in German hands in 1944-1945 is in AIR 20/2336. Conditions in this camp were deplorable, as the rules of the Third Geneva Convention were not observed for Soviet prisoners. Several British Generals were imprisoned here, including Major-General Sir Adrian Carton de Wiart, Air-Marshal Owen Tudor Boyd, Lt-General Richard O'Connor, Lt-General Philip Neame, and New Zealander Brigadiers Reginald Miles and James Hargest. It is uncertain whether official red cross food and medical supply parcels were ever tampered with by MI9, however, up to 10% of organisations listed who donated clothing/sports equipment and books were, in fact, a front for MI9. This figure represents a total of 57% of all Soviet POWs and it may be contrasted with 8,300 out of 231,000 British and U.S. prisoners, or 3.6%. The Senior Officer on Liberation was Colonel Hubert Zemke of the US army air corps. On 22 June 1943, all reserve officers of the Belgian Army held at Oflag II-A in Prenzlau were moved to Oflag X-D Fischbek. Located at 53 degrees, 20 minutes, 35 seconds North, 15 degrees, 0 minutes East in the far North of Germany on the Baltic coast. Nigel Stock, Tous Public Originally opened in May1941 the camp reported having 1officers and 10other ranks on 26th February 1943. The Germans, however, always treated Merchant Navy seamen as POWs (as did the British from 1942). The Stalag served as the base for distribution of International Red Cross packages and mail. I know Harry Lockwood ran it till his death in 2007. Peter Parker, Colditz. Drama, War. Most of the men were moved by train to Stalag XX-A in West Prussia, but some 900 were taken to the port of Memel, where they were put aboard the merchant ship Insterburg for a 60-hour journey to Swinemnde. Anthony Steel, Having been taken prisoner of war (POW), he was sent to an Italian hospital to recuperate but attempted to escape numerous times before being branded "dangerous" by the Germans, (how a man, having been awarded 2 VCs for combat could not be regarded as dangerous by the enemy is extremely ironic!). The guard in the machinegun-tower later told other prisoners that he refrained from shooting Upham out of sheer respect.. | 9 of the Soviet secret service (NKVD). Stars: Reports on the condition of British and Dominion PoWs in German and Japanese camps towards the end of the war occur in AIR 40/2361 and 2366. Christmas celebrations during theSecond World Waroften had to be scaled down or adjusted as restrictions and shortages took their toll. The main Dulag Luft camp at Frankfurt was the principal collecting point for intelligence derived from Allied POW interrogation. The forts had been built at the end of 19th century to defend the western border of Kingdom of Prussia. This camp was closed April 1942 and the surviving officers (many had died during the winter due to an epidemic) were transferred to other camps. Macintyre has always been a fantastic storyteller who makes history come alive, but you can almost feel the walls of Colditz closing in on you while reading this, and I think hes outdone himself in conveying how history feels to its participants. SHAEF reports from February 1945 show 130 Soviet and 1691 Dutch were here. Eventually the camp from 1942 to early 1944 accommodated two thousand Dutch officers who between 1940 and 1942 were taken prisoner in the Netherlands. Action, Adventure, War. In September 1939 it was used to house British civilian internees and Polish prisoners from the German September 1939 offensive. William Holden, Laurence Fox, 50 min POWs were sent out to labour in nearby farms, sawmills, factories, goodsyards and cutting ice on the river Vistula. A list of Royal Marines known to have been imprisoned in German camps between 1939 and 1945 is to be found in ADM 201/111. Prisoners were separated by nationality, and were intentionally kept from communicating with any other nations POWs this was common in most POW camps however. Colditz Castle 1943. When the sound of Allied artillery grew closer, the German guards were less harsh in their treatment of POWs, because the prisoner roles may soon be reversed. Most of the prisoners were British officers captured during the Battle of France in 1940. This camp also housed Civilian internees from the Channel islands sent there for punishment. In April 1943 Oflag XIII-B was opened nearby, with officers transferred from Oflag XIII-A at Nuremberg. During the Second World, War Oflag IV-C, situated in the thousand-year-old Colditz Castle, was one of the most famous German Army prisoner-of-war camps for enemy officers. Building the Colditz Glider. The prison camp had been constructed on the site of a former German military camp that had once billeted German cavalry troops and their horses. | The sick and the dead were left at Stettin while the majority of the rest were moved on to Stalag IIA (Neubrandenberg) where they arrived on 7th February, 1945. On 30 August 1942 the camp was the scene of "Operation Olympia", also known as the "Warburg Wire Job", another mass escape attempt. On 9 April 1945 the guards at Milag-Marlag moved out and were replaced by older men, presumably local Volkssturm. The third tunnel ran westwards from the westernmost barrack block under a sentry tower on the south-western corner of the camp. The Great Escape is a fairly well-known movie with a star-studded cast. P.G. Polish prisoners from the German September 1939 offensive were placed in Stalag II-A. Marlag und Milag Nord, the camps for captured Navy personnel and civilian sailors respectively, were originally in two separate enclosures at the Sandbostel camp. Michael Caine, They are arranged alphabetically by name sequences with separate sections for those held by Germany and Japan. Stalag XIII-D Nrnberg Langwasser was a German Army World War II prisoner-of-war camp built on what had been the Nazi party rally grounds in Nuremberg, northern Bavaria. 2411 POWs mostly USAAF, evacuated to Stalag IV on 14/7/44. At one time, they travelled 40 miles, only advancing a few. Best, camp housed in a Medieval castle known as "Colditz". Useful intelligence was more generally obtained from naval or air force personnel by studying the reasons for their capture or failure of equipment and so on, This continued the report narrative from the point where the escaper or evader came under an escape organisation within a POW camp. He had broken an ankle in jumping from the moving truck. It was a Catholic college before the nazi state closed it in 1940, used to house French officers only. The Prisoners of War and Internment Files in the Admiralty and Secretariat Papers ADM 1 (code 79) contain documentation on many aspects of the Royal Navy's involvement with the capture and internment of the enemy and Allied POWs, naval and other services. Broke into Kommandant's office, cut hole into storeroom, out of storeroom in German and Polish orderly uniforms. Its also worth noting that some camps were very large and split into compounds where little mixing was permitted between their respective captives, hence it is quite possible that an inmate from one compound however long they were incarcerated would not have met another inmate of a separate part of the same camp. There are some surviving BAOR (British Army Of the Rhine) reports reference WC/C/243 (war crimes) regarding the forced marches from Nebrandenburg camps to the Schwerin area in 1945 these can now be found at the national archives under reference WO209/1047. Another attempt occurred when he was being moved between prison camps on a civilian train while guarded by two Germans. The US and British POWs stood fast as per their orders when liberated and were later evacuated via a nearby Airfield some 32 miles to the south of the camp to Le Havre and homewards then by Sea. Officers were not required to work, although they could volunteer, the convention did allow officers to be requested to work but neither the European Axis (although the Japanese certainly did) nor Allies used them so. In good weather there was a fine view of the Alps to the south. POWs held in this camp were able to clearly see the destruction of the nearby (5km) Focke Wulf aircraft factory in 1943, which completely destroyed the plant. In 1944, as forced labour by concentration camp prisoners became increasingly important in armaments production, a Focke-Wulf aircraft factory was constructed at Stutthof. These were followed by Soviet prisoners from Operation Barbarossa in the summer of 1941. He/they reported directly to representatives of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) who were responsible for inspecting camps and hospitals and producing reports. Enlarge On 24 July, 68 Dutch officers arrived, mostly members of the Royal Dutch East Indies Army, who had refused to sign a declaration that they would take no part in the war against Germany. A few hours later the German army arrived at the camp and the inmates were marched to trains that were to take them to Germany. Many prisoners managed to escape and were sheltered in private homes. The author himself narrates the audiobook - I truly enjoyed listening to the tales of this strange Nazi castle and the many brave men who were so determined to escape. A Polish civilian worker at the farm had helped them by hiding civilian clothes for them. Some of the French officers held at Colditz 1943: In May, the Wehrmacht High Command decided that Colditz should house only Americans and British, so in June the Dutch were moved out, followed shortly thereafter by the Poles, the Belgians, and the French; with the final French group leaving 12 July, 1943. Drama, Romance, War. It was redesignated Oflag XIII-D in September 1941. Stalag XVIII-C Markt Pongau, Austria (also known as Stalag 317). A number of the French were from African colonial regiments and were used for the worst work such as collecting refuse. Reports from December30th 1942show 250 other ranks held here. Before that many prisoners had been marched out in a south-west direction. Grumello del Piano/del silenzio /Grumillina. The camp was built in late 1939 by Polish prisoners of war. Unfortunately COVID-19 has significantly delayed progress on the project, which requires consultation of original documents at Kew. Some escapees fled northwards towards Switzerland or southwards towards allied lines. Although some POW exchanges took place between 1942 and 1944, the vast majority of British and Commonwealth captives were not repatriated until 1945. In 1941 more officer prisoners arrived from the Balkans Campaign mostly British, Yugoslavian, Serbs and Greeks. During 1941 and 1942 many Allied air crews that had been shot down were taken to Lbeck, then later transferred to Oflag VI-B, Warburg. Once the military complex was completed in 1938/39, the workers' camp fell into disuse. Most of these were farms and agricultural sub camps. Eight Channel Island internees died in Laufen camp during the period of internment. Located at 53 degrees 9 minutes North and 12 degrees 10 minues east this camp held 1727 Yugoslav, 583 Italians and 2414 French the Red cross visited it in early 1945. Stalag XVIII-D (also known as Stalag 306) was a German Prisoner of War camp at Maribor (German: Marburg an der Drau) in what is now Slovenia. Originally a catholic seminary, accommodation was a 3 storey building (Villa Albertoni) with a large courtyard & terrace and very liberal use of barbed wire to enclose the Prisoners compound. They performed a variety of heavy earthworks, roadbuilding, agricultural work, and were also worked on the construction of freight railway station Olechowo and others. These cells, eight feet high, feet wide and twelve feet long, held a cot, a table, a chair and an electric bell to call the guard. Twelve prisoners escaped, though all were recaptured within two weeks. Others hid near their camp to await developments or took the opportunity to explore the vicinity before voluntarily returning to their camp. Wounded and captured at Calais, he was taken to Stalag XXA near Thorn in Poland and managed to escape with a fellow prisoner in April 1941. A larger scale attempt was unsuccessful. On October 30th 1942 14 Australians and five New Zealanders escaped through a tunnel, but were all recaptured when they found the route to the Swiss border was heavily populated and ran into a large Italian army camp. The main camps were all designated PG prigionieri di Guerra, although they were also abbreviated 'CC' meaning Campo diconcentramento. At the instigation of the U.S. and Swiss governments, the International Committee of the Red Cross put pressure on the German government not to keep civilian non-combatants in a POW camp. The database will include British and Commonwealth forces only and is cross-referenced for the most part with records for German camps which were made later in the war for those unfortunate enough to be recaptured after the Italian armistice. After ROAC officer Major B.D. The trip took two days and two nights. I.e. Director: The camp itself was about one mile from the town railway station in Urbisaglia. Corran Purdon, Approved | Director: David McCallum, The guard would then come back into formation alone. On the approach of Allied forces in April 1945 all fit prisoners from the camps and neighbouring labour units were marched east to Stalag XVIII-C. Officially, the camp was liberated by elements of the British 8th Army on 11 May 1945. | The form consists of 25 questions relating to topics such as the work of escape committees; escape aids and their usefulness; German censorship; receipt and dissemination of coded messages; a collection of geographical information that might assist future escape attempts; and internal communications. The senior British officer in 1942 was Colonel George Younghusband. Edward Fox, Approved 30,957 other ranks with 66 officers upon liberation reported, however according to other SHAEF reports from February 1945 the make up was: 8379 Soviets, 5563 Belgian, 23 Poles, 2733 Yugoslavs, 624 Italians,10027 French. In March 1943 a Lazarett ("Camp Hospital") was built there. Most officers made the Allied lines or the UK, whilst many NCO's and other ranks were rounded up by the Germans, and sent to camps in Germany until the end of the war. These are searchable by surname and sometimes by forename as well. On 5th March 1943 the Schubin Tunnel escape led by the indomitable Wing Commander Harry Day got 35 POWS out of the camp, although none escaped home. The area was fenced with barbed double fence height. Transfer order granted, Works as doctor at, Hidden in baggage pile at Colditz rail station, Exchanged identities with French officers in transit to, Exchanged places with Lt. Stepninc and Lt. Jablonowski during Polish transfer, Orderlies who escaped from work party at Colditz train station, Sixty second rope escape down west terrace, Broke into German courtyard, hung from bottom of German truck. . Mobile gas wagons were also used to complement the maximum capacity of the gas chamber (150 people) when required. 20,770 POWs here (53 British) with 1735 Officers. Some prisoners worked in SS-owned businesses such as the German Equipment Works (DAW), located near the camp. French and British prisoners disarmed their guards and took control of the camp armoury, and the local Post Office, Railway Station and Police Station. Prisoner of War was a magazine published and distributed by the International Red Cross during World War II - it was a joint venture between the British Red Cross and the Order of St John. A camp history is in WO 208/3270. It was a fairly small camp with around 500 POWs, mostly Anzacs. The sentry was not satisfied with their gate pass, so Stevens marched his party back into the camp. It would appear that the records are incomplete as the number sequence of the first file - WO 208/5451 - starts at 238. Several escape attempts, one successful on March 29th 1943 - Six British and New Zealand officers escaped through a tunnel from Castello di Vincigliata (Campo 12) near Florence, Italy. Brad Dexter, Votes: They crossed into Switzerland at 01.30 on 13 September 1942, and were taken to the British legation at Bern. We still hold two meetings a year at the Union Jack Club London. However there seldom were horses available, so teams of POWs pulled the wagons through the snow. It was organised by the Schutzstaffel - SS-Baubrigade Iwhich was at first under direct supervision of the Sachsenhausen concentration camp; and after mid-February 1943 then run under the Neuengamme camp in northern Germanylocated near the old telegraph tower at La Foulre. The camp initially occupied barracks built to house British and French prisoners in World War I. that had been held in Italian prisoner of war camps were transferred to Oflag IV-D. The camp was liberated by the Red Army on the morning of 12 April 1945. All POWs were supposed to be protected by rules for the treatment of prisoners of war which had been established in the Geneva Convention of 1929. The POWs lived in barrack huts that were divided into two dormitories each housing around 100 men, with a small kitchen and a washroom between them. Located at Cividale del Friuli, 75 miles north east of Venice. All Jewish prisoners were killed on 4th November 1943 by systematic shooting carried out by the SS guards (ex Belzac KZ). Meanwhile, the column slowly headed east, finally crossing the River Elbe, north of Hamburg, on 18 April. At this point all Senior British Officers (SBOs) informed their men of Field Marshal Montgomerys so-called 'standfast' order. Ordinary servicemen were required to doany work they were able to do, as long as it was not dangerous and did not support the German war effort, (Geneva Convention section III, article 49). District V In the Far south-west of German, the nearest large city being Posen. Every evening the guards would dump out the meal for the day on the muddy earth. 101 min Soon afterwards a delegation of high-ranking German officers inspected the camp, and the prisoners were warned that "escaping is no longer a sport". Disembarking in Italy, POWs were given a quick clean-up at their port of disembarkation, usually Brindisi or Taranto. District XVIII Nearest city Frankfurt am Main in the west of Germany. | We'd like to use additional cookies to remember your settings and understand how you use our services. The other pair was recaptured in Ulm. They document the German accounts of the escapes and create a fascinating comparison to the subsequent MI9 escape reports in series WO 208, which were compiled when the individuals made it safely to neutral and Allied territory. Stalag IV-B Muhlberg Sachsen Location N/E 51-13. Vas du das Krieg est uber" - "For You the War is over." These are listed just for reference as scant details exist that we have sourced so far, the numbers are the geographic location code for the camp. US, Serbian, Italian and French/Belgian POWs were held at this camp. Paul Chapman, Get help and learn more about the design. It was then renumbered Oflag XII-B. A new camp for officers, Oflag II-E was created close by and Polish warrant officers and ensigns were transferred to it. These documents were not kept with the main report but passed to the appropriate Allied authorities investigating alleged war crimes. The Colditz Story: Directed by Guy Hamilton. From the port of disembarkation prisoners of war went to transit camps in the south of Italy. As its title suggests: a detailed account of POW escapes and those who evaded capture in WWII Europe. OFLAG Va Weinburg (Baden- Wurttemburg) Germany. By the end of March 1942, some 41,000 Soviet POWs had died in these three camps of starvation, exhaustion and disease. VIEW HERE A MAP OF POW CAMPS IN GERMANY - PUBLISHED BY THE RED CROSS & ST. JOHN WAR ORGANISATION. Dulag 135/1 Athens Greece Location N/E 38-23, Dulag 377 Gerolstein (TL 71) Rheinland, PrussiaLocation N/E 50-06, Dulag Luft POW Camp Chalons-Sur-Marne FranceLocation N/E 49-04, Dulag OB Chartres France Location N/E 48-01, Dulag Wetzlar (Transit) Klosternald, Rheinland, PrussiaLocation N/E 50-08. 6975 POWs were held here as of 26/2/43 and it originally opened in October 1942. An incomplete nominal card index to these records is located in the Document Reading Room at The National Archives. The POWs occupied themselves in various ways. Then a separate camp, Oflag II-E, was built for them on the west side of the road. The prisoners in Lager Sylt and Lager Norderney were slave labourers forced to build the many military fortifications and installations throughout Alderney. The camp, designated Oflag XVIII-B, was opened on 19 October 1939. More prisoners arrived in July 1944 transferred from Oflag VIII-F. On 24 August 1944 the camp was strafed by American and British aircraft. | 357 officers and 58 other ranks were reported here on 26/2/43. The USSME reports from 26/2/43 show 2714 POWs here. The Kommandatur contained the headquarters and administration buildings, while the Stabslager and the Wache contained accommodation for the administrative personnel and the camp guards. Stalag XII-C Wiesbaden Hessen-Nassau, Prussia Location N/E 50-08, Stalag XII-D Waldbreitbach Rheinland, Prussia Location N/E 50-07. The War Diary of MI9, the division of Military Intelligence that dealt with escapers and evaders of all services, is in WO 165/39, while its papers including files concerning all aspects of the department's work are in WO 208/3242-356. These included many Americans and British airmen from Stalag Luft III. Reaction to the armistice varied from camp to camp. The evacuation was frightening and arduous to POWs of all compounds, especially to those of the South Compound who made the 40 miles from Sagan to Muskau in 27 hours with only 4 hours sleep. The workers who constructed the original buildings were housed in camps near Fallingbostel and Bergen, the latter being the so-called Bergen-Belsen Army Construction Camp. John Huston 49 British POWs held at the local Railway Station of Elstorwerda- Biela. Equally, there were stalags which only had officers in them so nominally called a Stalag but in reality, more an Oflag, these were typically a compound of a larger POW camp housing other ranks also, or a Stalag Luft where most aircrews were officer grades. Rachel Kempson, | During the conflict, over 20 million standard food parcels were sent. Originally opened in June 1942, 1002 officers were held here on 26 Feb 1943. Search them here now. Opened originally in July 1942, 250other ranks were reported here on December30th 1942. It was 'under construction' according to reports in 1943. Small groups of prisoners were employed also in Lodz factories. And perhaps the most colorful examples have emerged from Colditz, the Nazi camp for Allied officers in Germanys east from 1939 to 1945. The maps were taken from Wikipedia for the German camps only Wehrkreis and from publications, which can be seen in our historical documents collection on this site. The Colditz Glider. Sep 13, 2016 Boban Docevski. Margnano lignite mine, listed elsewhere as 'Morgnano' -clearly a spelling error. From 21 January 1945, many of the prisoners, particularly British and Commonwealth, were marched through Nazi-occupied Czech lands to Stalag XIII-C in Bavaria or Stalag XIII-D Nrnberg. Broadcast Sun 26 Feb 2023 at 9:30pm. By the end of October 1940 all these prisoners had been transferred to other camps, and the castle was then used to accommodate evacuee children from Hamburg and Berlin. Located at Prostken in Poland, close to Stalag Ib/PR. Punishment: three weeks close confinement 30 Sept to 21 Oct 1941. Fort Regent 13 POWs -all US from 1944-45 held here. This was recorded in shorthand in a notebook labelled "Shorthand Reading Exercises. The camp was built by forced labour. In October 1944 a small number of higher ranking officers arrived from the Warsaw Uprising. The nearest large city is Kaliningrad (formerly Konigsberg). Everyone would scramble for what they could get. On the way to the border they were stopped by an SS policeman, but their forged papers were sufficient to pass inspection. Work parties were drawn from this camp to work at Agricultural tasks under Campo 106 and 107. 6,980 POWs held here all British in 1942 On Feb 26th 19437,314 were recorded as POWs. Val Guest Water (often contaminated) POWs drank from ditches beside the road or ate snow when available. Most ANZAC POWs were transferred to PG 57 early in 1942, some did remain behind in Sulmona as batmen to officers, being given separate accommodation in the lower section of the main camp. Drama, War. The North Compound fell in with the West Compound at Spremberg and on 2 February entrained for Stalag 13D at Nurnberg, which they reached after a two day trip. Reports of escaped Royal Air Force personnel, including some nominal lists of reported Air Force POWs, are in AIR 14/353-361; these files deal mainly with aids to escape and conduct in enemy territory. Stars: In German-run camps an 'Oflag' was a prisoner of war camp for officers, a 'Stalag' was for enlisted personnel, and there were also separate camps for the navy, aircrews and civilians. | George Charlton was a Staff Sergeant in the Royal Army Medical Corps who was imprisoned in Singapore from February 1942 to the end of the war, mainly in Changi camp until March 1945 when he was moved to the prisoner of war hospital at Kranji. Only 10 managed to remain free, some returned to Poland, others finding their way to the Allied lines. Tin of 50 cigarettes or tobacco (sent separatelyusually Player's brand cigarettes or Digger flake pipe tobacco). N/E 50-07 civilian clothes for them on the muddy earth guards ( ex Belzac KZ ) WO 208/5451 starts. From Stalag Luft III finally crossing the River Elbe, north of Hamburg, 18! Searchable by surname and sometimes by forename as well the column slowly headed,! By Polish prisoners from the moving truck as restrictions and shortages took their.... Camp to camp camp from 1942 ) Polish prisoners of war went to transit camps in Germany - by! Been built at the farm had helped them by hiding civilian clothes for them on west... 26 Feb 1943 International Red Cross packages and mail from Allied POW interrogation house British internees... The day on the west of Germany death in 2007 understand how you our! Distribution of International Red Cross & ST. 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