False and damaging disinformation about the security of the 2020 general election caused millions of Americans to question the election results and led to a violent attack on the Capitol on January 6, 2021. Om//~0V#j&I."R!,rP_fnme0KE(BG Close collaboration with civil society groups will be key to ensuring these rights are respected. There is also a need for a more empowered and proactive agency that shares cyberthreat intelligence between businesses and government agencies, with the aim of helping organizations quickly identify and mitigate potential cyberincursions. He is responsible for overseeing the organization's contracting functions with a focus on integrity and positive impact. The dominating focus on counterterrorism comes at the expense of other activities that DHS is uniquely positioned to execute among federal agencies such as providing efficient, safe, and respectful immigration services; facilitating international trade and travel; serving as the nations risk adviser for critical infrastructure; and proactively responding to disasters that do not fall within the missions of other parts of the federal bureaucracy. It would also enable DHS to further build partnerships between the federal government and counterparts in state and local government and the private sector, if properly managed with safeguards to protect civil liberties and privacy. A shift toward a more service-driven department that treats immigration as an asset to be managed rather than a crime to be enforced against would go a long way in building a rational border management apparatus that facilitates the secure, efficient movement of people and goods while also ensuring a humane approach toward refugees requesting protection under U.S. asylum laws. A more ambitious approach would involve making the protection of personal information and privacy a core DHS mission, assigning DHS the lead federal agency for protecting the privacy of U.S. persons information. What America needs from DHS today, however, is different from when it was founded. DHS should take a broader view of what it means to keep the nation secure and adapt its mission and activities accordingly. Finally, it would ensure that DHS is most effectively positioned to solve national challenges. Natural disaster-related losseshuman, ecosystem, and economicwill become more frequent and catastrophic due to climate change. First, DHS should adopt a service-oriented approach to citizenship and immigration services that is welcoming to immigrants and the U.S. citizens and residents hoping to sponsor them. DHS should maintain its core objective of securely, efficiently, humanely managing our air, land, and maritime borders. U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Homeland Threat Assessment (Washington: 2020), available at https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/2020_10_06_homeland-threat-assessment.pdf. There are 16 critical infrastructure sectors whose assets, systems, and networks, whether physical or virtual, are considered so vital to the United States that their incapacitation or destruction would have a debilitating effect on security, national economic security, national public health or safety, or any . A. !f1!Belqe0-{eQ%!Fq\\O!CaOL9'tMf1lPEM>HsU ^4!ha.p5Gu+24r3eG~u!P A=hu3~>i8o5 B@bVBiKdY)VY;V!8a&6 e.b*T This will also help reduce DHSs involvement in activities better left to other federal agencies that have more appropriate authorities, experience, and workforces, while ensuring that Americas security needs continue to be addressed by the federal government. Todays digital environment means that our critical infrastructure is more connected and more dependent on functioning cybersecurity than ever. Based on this study, CAP makes the following recommendations and guidelines for the administration and Congress to transform DHS into the safety and services department CAP proposes. Another challenge that has affected DHS from the outsetand grew increasingly problematic during the Trump administrationis that it was given broad and at times unclear legal authorities that it has used in ways that have harmed the public it is supposed to serve. 0
Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is responsible for delivering immigration services and benefits. Though the independence of the DOJ and FBI has been tested in the pastduring the J. Edgar Hoover era at the FBI, for example, and across the DOJ during the past four yearsrich institutional memory supported by decades of oversight at these other law enforcement agencies has resulted in unambiguous statutory authorities and well-established norms that have helped these institutions withstand politicization and guide department behavior. Second, DHS should recalibrate its activities at the border to emphasize efficient and secure management of the flow of goods and people while welcoming asylum-seekers with a safe, legal, and orderly process for them to seek refuge in America; to rehabilitate its relationships in border communities; and to work to create a vibrant border region.67. What Is an Organizational Structure? Organizational structures describe what employees do, whom they report to, and how decisions are made across the business. Even more so, the Border Patrol has a significant deficit of trust to make up in border communities, which in turn has led to morale issues within the rank and file and resistance to policy changes.72. Their combined mission would include traditional security components; facilitating the movement of goods and people to grow binational economies; upholding U.S. domestic and international protection obligations; and promoting quality of life for all people living in and migrating to and between border communities.73, The way the current Coast Guard balances its enforcement and service mission is commendable and could serve as a guide to recalibrating border management. At a minimum, this would mean elevating the CRCL officereven while remaining operationally independent to oversee complaints related to civil rights and civil libertiesto an assistant secretary level, with a seat at the management table, to be able to more directly influence agencywide decision-making. DHSs enhanced cybersecurity coordination role would need to be subject to rigorous transparency and oversight. An expanded DHS role might focus on planned disaster response and preparedness as expectations for climate-related disasters increase. DHS Assistant Secretary of Operations - Dulce Quintero. Title: U.S. Department of Homeland Security Organizational Chart Author: U.S. Department of Homeland Security Created Date: 4/11/2012 1:38:31 PM DHS should reduce its counterterrorism investigative and intelligence analysis activities, as described below, and focus its efforts where it has unique responsibilities and authorities: managing the border, countering disinformation, countering violent white supremacy, and investing in evidence-based prevention approaches. endstream
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It recommends that DHS adopt a new safety and services model, outlined above, that increases its emphasis on connecting, communicating, facilitating, welcoming, and helping, while simultaneously recalibrating its focus on external threats by bringing its emphasis on protecting, securing, preventing, and enforcing into better balance with its other priorities. { document.getElementById('search-form').focus(); }, 300);">, https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CHRG-114hhrg99575/html/CHRG-114hhrg99575.htm, https://reason.com/2015/06/23/president-bush-was-right-before-he-was-w/, https://newrepublic.com/article/147099/dismantle-department-homeland-security, https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Future-of-DHS-Key-Findings-and-Recommendations.pdf, https://www.cnn.com/2021/01/19/politics/mayorkas-opening-statement-excerpts/index.html, https://www.cato.org/sites/cato.org/files/pubs/pdf/PA683.pdf, 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https://www.archives.gov/federal-register/codification/executive-order/12333.html, https://www.everbridge.com/blog/what-is-the-all-hazards-approach/, https://www.aofs.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/12/department-accomplishments-and-reforms-2010.pdf, https://www.washingtonpost.com/podcasts/post-reports/trump-shifting-dhs-focus-from-counterterrorism-to-immigration/, https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2016/12/america-already-had-a-muslim-registry/511214/, https://www.aila.org/infonet/aila-letter-president-obama-rescinding-nseers, https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/racial-profiling-will-still-be-allowed-at-airports-along-border-despite-new-policy/2014/12/05/a4cda2f2-7ccc-11e4-84d4-7c896b90abdc_story.html, https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/feb/08/tsa-screening-racial-religious-profiling-aclu-study, https://www.aclu.org/issues/immigrants-rights/immigrants-rights-and-detention/national-security-entry-exit-registration, https://www.aclu.org/other/secure-communities-s-comm, 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https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/news/press-releases/former-and-acting-secretaries-of-homeland-security-sign-open-letter-on-consolidating-congressional-jurisdiction-over-dhs/, https://www.lawfareblog.com/modernizing-department-homeland-security, https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/19_1205_dhs-organizational-chart.pdf, https://www.tsa.gov/sites/default/files/resources/tsaatglance_factsheet.pdf, https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/19_0318_MGMT_FY-2020-Budget-In-Brief.pdf, https://www.state.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/FY-2021-CBJ-Final.pdf, https://www.state.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Org-Directory.pdf, https://bestplacestowork.org/rankings/overall/large, https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/15/us/border-patrol-culture.html, https://www.wola.org/analysis/fixing-a-culture-protects-rewards-abuse-us-border-agencies/, https://www.cnn.com/2017/01/28/politics/donald-trump-immigration-detention-deportations-enforcement/index.html, https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2020/03/02/how-border-apprehensions-ice-arrests-and-deportations-have-changed-under-trump/, https://www.cfr.org/in-brief/why-central-american-migrants-are-arriving-us-border, https://americanprogress.org/issues/immigration/reports/2018/06/13/452025/asylum-trump-era/, https://cmsny.org/biden-immigration-executive-actions/, https://www.cbsnews.com/news/solarwinds-hack-russia-cyberattack-60-minutes-2021-02-14/, https://americanprogress.org/issues/security/reports/2021/04/21/498156/national-policy-blueprint-end-white-supremacist-violence/, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-watch/wp/2014/05/07/dhs-a-wasteful-growing-fear-mongering-beast/, https://fcw.com/articles/2019/11/25/cyber-roles-johnson.aspx, https://www.brookings.edu/blog/fixgov/2020/10/07/the-true-size-of-government-is-nearing-a-record-high/, https://immigrationimpact.com/2017/04/25/spike-corruption-followed-last-hiring-surge-cbp-ice/#.XzPdkzUpA2x, https://qz.com/1664253/cbp-officers-arrested-5-times-as-often-as-other-law-enforcement/, https://www.usagm.gov/who-we-are/oversight/legislation/smith-mundt-faqs/, https://www.brennancenter.org/our-work/analysis-opinion/congress-should-strengthen-laws-outlawing-domestic-government-propaganda, https://www.cisa.gov/news/2020/11/04/statement-cisa-director-krebs-following-final-day-voting, https://allongeorgia.com/national-news/tsa-touting-success10-million-pre-check-enrolles/, https://www.law.berkeley.edu/files/Secure_Communities_by_the_Numbers.pdf, https://www.policylink.org/sites/default/files/INSECURE_COMMUNITIES_REPORT_FINAL.PDF, https://www.aila.org/advo-media/aila-policy-briefs/policy-brief-walled-off-how-uscis-has-closed, https://www.vox.com/2018/2/22/17041862/uscis-removes-nation-of-immigrants-from-mission-statement, https://www.cbp.gov/newsroom/local-media-release/yuma-sector-s-border-safety-initiative-extreme-heat-precautions, https://whnt.com/news/border-patrol-agents-carry-out-multiple-rescues-during-south-texas-deep-freeze/, https://www.dhs.gov/publication/homeland-security-presidential-directive-5, https://twitter.com/ljfernandez/status/1362865951012577282?s=21, https://www.cisa.gov/critical-infrastructure-sectors, https://www.wfaa.com/article/news/local/texas/federal-emergency-declaration-for-severe-winter-weather-in-texas/285-f242c695-79f9-4f34-a2b2-4af680b0a4e0, https://www.reuters.com/world/us/us-welcome-patrol-how-some-border-agents-are-struggling-with-bidens-policy-shift-2021-05-14/, https://www.cbp.gov/about/leadership-organization/executive-assistant-commissioners-offices, U.S. Customs and Border Protection, FY 2021 Congressional Budget Justification (dhs.gov), https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/01/us/politics/state-of-the-coast-guard.html, https://www.aclu.org/other/constitution-100-mile-border-zone, https://www.lawfareblog.com/unpacking-dhss-troubling-explanation-portland-van-video, https://www.oig.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/assets/2021-04/OIG-21-31-Mar21.pdf, https://www.oig.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/assets/2017/OIG-17-22-Jan17.pdf, https://fas.org/sgp/crs/homesec/R43522.pdf, https://americanprogress.org/issues/immigration/reports/2020/11/30/493173/new-paradigm-humane-effective-immigration-enforcement/, https://americanprogress.org/issues/immigration/reports/2019/07/22/472378/restoring-rule-law-fair-humane-workable-immigration-system/, https://americanprogress.org/issues/immigration/reports/2015/12/18/127769/how-for-profit-companies-are-driving-immigration-detention-policies/, https://americanprogress.org/issues/immigration/news/2018/06/28/452912/trumps-executive-order-rewards-private-prison-campaign-donors/, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2016/08/18/justice-department-says-it-will-end-use-of-private-prisons/, https://www.congress.gov/99/statute/STATUTE-100/STATUTE-100-Pg992.pdf, https://americanprogress.org/issues/immigration/reports/2019/04/02/467776/building-meaningful-civil-rights-liberties-oversight-u-s-department-homeland-security/, Preventing a terrorist attack within the United States, Reducing the United States vulnerability to terrorism, Minimizing the damage and assisting in the recovery from terrorist attacks that do occur within the United States, Carrying out all functions of entities transferred to the department, including responding to natural and human-made disasters, Ensuring that missions related to homeland security are fulfilled, Ensuring that such activities do not affect the overall economic security of the United States, Monitoring connections between illegal drug trafficking and terrorism, U.S. House of Representatives, Making DHS More Efficient: Industry Recommendations to Improve Homeland Security, September 18, 2015, available at, See, for example, Matt Meyer, Why We Should Eliminate the Department of Homeland Security, Reason, June 23, 2015, available at, For example, Thomas Warrick and Caitlin Durkovich, Future of DHS Project: Key Findings and Recommendations (Washington: Atlantic Council, 2020) available at, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Mission, available at, CNN, Excerpts from Bidens DHS pick Alejandro Mayorkas opening statement, January 19, 2021, available at, David Rittgers, Abolish the Department of Homeland Security (Washington: Cato Institute, 2011), available at, U.S. House of Representatives, Making DHS More Efficient., See, for example, Meyer, Why We Should Eliminate the Department of Homeland Security; Ford, Dismantle the Department of Homeland Security., See, for example, Warrick and Durkovich, Future of DHS Project., Danyelle Solomon, Tom Jawetz, and Sanam Malik, The Negative Consequences of Entangling Local Policing and Immigration Enforcement (Washington: Center for American Progress, 2017), available at, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Creation of the Department of Homeland Security, available at, Harold C. Relyea, Homeland Security: Department Organization and ManagementImplementation Phase (Washington: Congressional Research Service, 2005), available at, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, About DHS, available at, Congressional Research Service, Trends in the Timing and Size of DHS Appropriations: In Brief (Washington: 2019), available at, Homeland Security Act of 2002, Public Law 296, 107th Congress, 2nd sess. This helping mission would also naturally fit with DHSs existing role as a connector between federal resources and state and local authorities, which must work closely together during disaster management response and relief efforts. Whether leading the federal response or coordinating other federal players, local governments, and nongovernmental organizations, the United States needs an agency charged with emergency preparedness and response capabilities that serves as the lead coordinator of U.S. government emergency preparedness and response efforts on the wide range of emergencies that affect the country. While the department will continue its efforts to protect, secure, prevent, and enforce,4 CAP proposes a strategic shift to a safety and services framework for DHS that would bring the departments existing responsibilities into balance and realign its priorities around five new core values: connecting, communicating, facilitating, welcoming, and helping. DHS should narrow the scope of its prevention activities to focus its efforts where DHS has sole or unique responsibilities such as in lawful screening and vetting of travelers and goods that cross U.S. borders, countering disinformation, and funding research into evidence-based approaches to preventing extremism. Organization Organization The list of all Operational and Support Components that make up the Department along with our organization chart and the list of senior leadership. By investing in its role to connect with federal, state, and local partners and with the private sector and civil society, DHS can add unique value to the nation, managing risk while also ensuring economic prosperity and upholding American values. CBP focuses on keeping terrorists and their weapons out of the United States while facilitating lawful travel and trade. To maximize its value and effectiveness in todays environment, DHS should organizeand articulate its missionaround a balanced set of activities that prioritize safety and services roles more fully with DHSs other protecting, securing, and defending roles DHS should dial up, or increase, its strategic focus in the following areas: DHS should dial down its strategic focus in the following areas, bringing them into balance with its other priorities: To make the case for reform, this report first outlines the legacy of DHSs hasty founding and how past attempts to reform DHS have failed to reorient the department away from a disproportionate focus on foreign threats. Ten regional offices that work directly with states, territories and tribes. ICE is charged with enforcing immigration laws and investigating the illegal movement of people and goods. Sign Up Despite being hamstrung by political leaders, some DHS officials nonetheless publicly reassured the nation that there was no evidence any foreign adversary was capable of preventing Americans from voting or changing vote tallies.63 Such steps were critical to maintaining credibility in the elections. 2825, the Department of Homeland Security Authorization Act of 2017, which sought to reauthorize DHS for the first time since its creation.18 More recently in 2020, several House Democrats introduced H.R. The Center for American Progress believes that having a Cabinet agency such as DHS remains critical to the safety and well-being of Americans. USCG United States Customs and Border Protection (CBP) But the benefits of removing these problematic entities would be well worth the cost in bureaucratic coordination and would help move toward significant reforms in the immigration system that are long overdue. ` "
An organizational structure is the allocation of authority and responsibility within a company. Likewise, while CAP has long argued that the nation should move away from a system based on large-scale immigration detention and toward alternatives such as community supervision,80 for the limited immigration detention that would remain, it would be more effective to have this function merged with, for example, the Bureau of Prisons (BOP), also under the DOJ. Recalibrating the DHS mission would empower the agency and its workforce to play a more effective role in the federal bureaucracy. Though it will be hard, the potential outcome would be well worth the effort; the entire system would start moving toward being more fair, humane, and workable. Service orientation and safety need not be in tension; the Coast Guard provides a good model for how the two can be well balanced within a single organization. (^9ghW:P
;mV]M[_i Components such as the Coast Guard, the TSA, and CBP have narrow law enforcement roles that are directly tied to safety and security missions. Official websites use .gov Cyberattacks on critical infrastructure are increasingly common and could grind the U.S. economy and daily life to a halt if targeted toward the electrical grid or communications and internet services. The Department of Homeland Security should play an important role in addressing the challenges and threats of today and tomorrow, and it should do so in a way that upholds American ideals and provides value to those who live, study, work, travel, and seek shelter here. DHS also suffers from low employee morale and poor satisfaction among its workforce: It ranked dead last among U.S. federal agencies in the most recent survey conducted by the Partnership for Public Service and has consistently been at the bottom of the list since 2010.44 While there are many reasons for low employee morale at DHS, the workforce culture is especially toxic within certain agencies that have overly politicized activities.45 ICE and the Border Patrol under the Trump administration, for example, focused on maximizing arrests and deportations with few limits on the targets for enforcement actions or the methods they would employthe clearest example being the Trump administrations cruel family separation policy.46 Personnel asked to pursue these political objectivesmost of whom are career public servantshave been required to perform deeply unpopular enforcement tasks that have not advanced sensible law enforcement or public safety priorities and have subjected them to sharp public criticism. Since no part of Congress authorizes the entire departmentwide functions, DHSs appropriators have largely become the subcommittees of de facto jurisdiction over the department. All subordinate Components must abide by the organizational structure outlined herein. Operational and Support Components Observers across the political spectrum have argued that, in the rush to stand up a new department, disparate components of the federal bureaucracy were shoe-horned into DHS, with mixed results.6 Todays DHS claims a role in most national security issuesand a number of issues that fall outside of national securitybut there are few areas where DHS leads the governments response and even fewer where it does so well and without controversy. The initiative should consider what changes might be needed in human capital and launch programs to realign the future workforce accordingly. Because it is not the originator of most of the threat information it obtains, it has a limited ability to unilaterally disclose that information to the public, even when it may desire to do so. A better-managed system would also plan for shifting flows of migrants and asylum-seekers at the border, anticipate the infrastructure needed to safely and humanely process and screen them, and cultivate a welcoming culture of front-line service agents. Instead, DHS should strategically recalibrate its priorities around a safety and services model rather than a threat-oriented modelwhich, in its current incarnation, is primarily concerned with counterterrorism and immigration enforcement, with communities of color, immigrants, and refugees treated as threats. Going forward, DHS should reorganize its activities around roles in connecting, communicating, facilitating, welcoming, and helpingin addition to a recalibrated role for protecting, securing, preventing, and enforcing. In a world where the public and private sectors must take independent action to ensure Americas safety and security, the government needs a trusted, effective mechanism to communicate threat information, including intelligence information, with the public and private sectors and between different levels of state, local, and federal government officials. Philip E. Wolgin is the acting vice president of Immigration Policy at the Center. Renewing the DHS workforce also is critical to the departments long-term success. It screens and vets travelers, interacts with asylum-seekers and aspiring citizens, provides emergency support during natural and human-made disasters, and performs certain law enforcement functionseach of which results in the collection and retention of information on U.S. persons. } DHS could also play an important role in countering disinformation in partnership with the State Departments Global Engagement Center. DHS' most recent and updated organizational chart as of June 2022. But the prevention mission must focus on the increasing prevalence of domestic challenges and borderless threats, including white supremacist-fueled domestic extremism, natural disasters, and cyberattacks, as well as external threats. Critics offer competing ideas about the sources of DHSs challenges. HT]VBi#BPmd=3;gN3AMA:D(]H.Jp! See U.S. Agency for Global Media, Legislation: Facts About Smith-Mundt Modernization, available at, Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency, Statement from CISA Director Krebs Following Final Day of Voting, Press release, November 4, 2020, available at, AllOnGeorgia, TSA Touting Success: 10 Million Pre-Check Enrollees, March 9, 2020, available at, American Civil Liberties Union, National Security Entry-Exit Registration System; American Civil Liberties Union, Secure Communities (S-COMM); Aarti Kohli, Peter L. Markowitz, and Lisa Chavez, Secure Communities by the Numbers: An Analysis of Demographics and Due Process (Berkeley, CA: University of California, Berkeley Law School, 2011), available at, American Immigration Lawyers Association, Walled Off: How USCIS Has Closed Its Doors on Customers and Strayed from Its Statutory Customer Service Mission, February 12, 2021, available at, U.S. Customs and Border Protection, Trade, available at, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Homeland Security Presidential Directive 5, available at, Lisa Fernandez, @ljfernandez, February 19, 2021, 3:45 p.m. Competing ideas about the sources of dhss challenges what is the organizational structure of dhs to ensuring these rights are respected to subject. That work directly with States, territories and tribes gN3AMA: D ( ] H.Jp objective securely! Disasters increase and Immigration Services and benefits catastrophic due to climate change people and goods how decisions made... 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